Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example

Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die Bertrand why not right? Lenin made a significant contribution to philosophy. Kokretno this: the political form of our consciousness can not be ignored, otherwise it turns out very thoroughly miserable ideologized being completely disoriented abundance of ideologies do not want to choose options for cooked and seasoned meaningfulness lies. That is why the rights of Louis Althusser, noting the main thing: since Marx and Lenin through the relationship to the traditional philosophy has changed radiakalno now professorial philosophy is false paths, to study or even to investigate which nevertheless absolutely necessary. But to do this, not pulzuyas Marxist methodology, absolutely impossible. Lenin understood this perfectly, and openly despised traditional philosophical professorship for her thoroughly ideologized lies, earning honorable privilege Hate of all this public. Just do not think that all of this has anything to do the slightest relation to the ideological doctrine of the CPS U Central Committee. But its all about this theory. If the philosophy of science is not distinguished from ideology (a simple but systematic construction of various views focused on the interests of certain political groups, for example, namenklaturu Committee, representatives of big business the time of the Weimar Republic, etc.) then you can be happy to rustle all you have the above authors and quiet stay in the idiotic illusion, thinking that all this is a philosophy, it is wisdom. Alas, usually nowhere near. To understand this properly, it is necessary to begin with, in fact belong to the philosophy of Marxs subsequent more or less significant thinkers in the West. But Marx did not leave any special work on the philosophy he was wrong! Finally, remember what I said about Lenin, one of his worst enemies Karl Kautsky: deny Lenins greatness can only be crazy. Thats the way it is, and fooled the Russians in the 90s, suggesting that Marx and Lenin is the field of political curiosi ties and thoughtlessness. Alas, the lies and the evidence on poverty of mind and spirit. Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die In order to bring man back to life and cure bitterness, a person need to scare near death. Then I wake up in him a thirst for life, then he will recover and will live happily ever after and died in one day. Although the stop, a little more about the life of To resort to the formulation of an incurable diagnosis -. Psychotherapeutic technique that really brings out human problems that need to be addressed. But one thing reception at the psychotherapist, the other the attitude to life in general No, the problem really needs to be solved, and should not pull the cat on the back burner, but its a question of problems in life as well. not the whole of life. What I want to say. The idea to someone to make up or ask someone for forgiveness, it is too late definitely good and there are no complaints. The idea that you can die at any time so all is beyond praise. But the question remains what does it all We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order for you, so as not to poison themselves last moments of existence of some regrets and resentments? Or maybe, in order to have time to get out of life? Well, for the first goal should be fine Freud and Carnegie. I think they can easily do in order to reduce the number of problems in a persons life. For the second goal should not have to write such a long history, Pepsi is enough advertising. For what this book is written and what the reader along with Veronica comes to life? Im afraid it is in order to live happily. Whats wrong with that? Yes, probably, nothing. But again there is a lot of questions And what it is -. My pleasure? The answer is obvious: everyone has their own. And if someone pleasure is to remove the burden of mutual insults and dirty with someone else, it is not for everyone. And if we become live each in his own pleasure Im afraid not to pleasures will most sluggishness. Well, I am to blame, we had time to read Coelho and quickly proceed to their pleasures, until they were someones else. And in the projection on the axis of reality harmless vapor thirsting to live and schizophrenics already it looks very unattractive: a crowd of individuals who seek to satisfy their every craving their lives for pleasure Now, about death.. Death in Veronica easily overcome by denial of the diagnosis, or rather its absence. After that, death is evaporated from the pages and as if the life of the characters. But we must realize that once they die anyway. Both. And we are too. And now on the verge of death so attractive to the patient bitterness as should behave healed from the bitter people? How to behave in front of the death of all of us the awakening to life? Rejoice in the pleasure we spent the allotted time and had so-and-so? Maybe. In the event that all end at the very moment when I made my last breath. And if not? .. Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die Let me join the chromosomal those who do not like Coelho 🙂 Although, I personally do not care it. I hope I Love Gothic allow anything negative to say constructively as I once read a book is not the author of the cover to crust (though Im not ashamed of :), trying to find the answer to the question What they (the fans Coelho) it sees this deep or serious? first. A lot of people read it? Well, well, they at least something to read. Secondly, in these books there is something about the eternal and the good. Let primitive and thrown around, but still not how to hate and destroy all around. We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Unfortunately, the list of my positive with respect to the creation Coelho has dried up. The rest of the It is about good and evil, of dreamers and destiny of human destiny can read something from the category of food for thought, and Coelho, to put it mildly, not call up this notion. Dear Gothic Love, grow up, read a little more and realize that there is something more worthwhile:) To be honest, I was a little irritated more and Coelho language. How strange that he wrote as a childrens storyteller, respectively, it seems that it appeals to readers as to small children, not as equals. Gothic properly noticed of Good and Zdle, sorry, Evil;) Only in fairy tales these concepts are clearly separated, everything in life some not so PS. Dear uvazhateli and fans, terrible to say, fans Coelho 🙂 Take the trouble to read something from Carlos Castaneda, or the ancient philosophers, for uzreet true origin of original ideas of his favorite author, and you will be happy and insight:) PPP . I think it would be better. Waiting for the comments:) Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die The man allows himself the luxury of being mad, only when he created the conditions for this. (C) In any literary conversation, one has only to visit a speech on the work of Coelho, all the decent, participants begin to chant in unison phi author, wrinkle nose in disgust and bewilderment wondering how it can be read. And the authors language is not something that just is not a literary, rather, as if designed for readers suffering from an acute form of idiocy. And the story banal. And heroes trivial. And the semantic content so all the obvious and not worth that it was written again. Perhaps Im not a decent member of any literary conversation, therefore now I will tell of their experiences, about one of the most popular books Coelho Veronika decides to die ». This Coelho book for the first time I read many years ago. Then the author of the book has only timidly appeared on the shelves, and there was not a strong marketing campaign, no long runs, or really even readers. And this is the first acquaintance with the author, I would not be carried among the successful. I threw the book somewhere in the half, having decided that I will return to it in a different, more convenient time. This moment came just before the premiere of the movie, filmed on the novel by these things. Before viewing is chanted posters shedevrialnoy work Emily Young I still decided to read this book. Therefore now briefly about all the impressions from reading. We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer  «The prison does not correct the offender, but only teaches him to commit new crimes. (C) The plot. Unless specifically address the content, in a nutshell we can say that this is a novel about a girl with a clear manic-depressive state. The author is very accurately described within this state. In the plot, clearly visible triad Krepellina abnormally low, melancholy mood, mental retardation and physical retardation. Intelligence Veronica saved, so suicidal she prepares carefully considering and weighing every step. Like a heroine from the inside devours depression. Speaking about it, I mean depression is the author once again quite aptly describes her bipolar flow. The depressive phase lucid interval the manic phase the depressive phase, etc. Its all accompanied by an emotional feeling, facing in different time intervals everything was bad, and now bad and nothing good will. Neither bright idea comes to mind Veronica. And for a thorough disclosure of a manic-depressive state, put the first plus. The heroes of the novel. Again Coelho failed to accurately register each mentally ill. All the characters, regardless of the primacy of the placed very accurately, and most importantly their diagnosis as accurate as possible. Realism has happened helps, if not try on, or at least believe in the described. The second advantage of heroes. text. Yes, I will agree with all opponents of the author is that the language of the narrative, indeed, as simple as possible. On the one hand it is a minus, though it can be slightly wrapped, heavier. But on the other such a serious topic is extremely easy to understand, you can bring only the use of simple, basic words. Coelho outlined Villete and its residents so that everyone can submit this separate world. Coelho true to himself and his style. Practically in each of his works, he subtly interweaves some parable to help reveal the essence of the main theme. So here the parable of the crazy kingdom came to the site and helped to understand the face and the essence of madness Final.. Yet Coelho a master of happy endings. And here he does not change his style. Open finals, the most happy and at the same time, far-fetched. Of course, none of the characters will not be able to get rid of their ailments. Depression Veronica periodically, especially in spring and autumn seasons, will escalate. Members of the Brotherhood, Marie, Edward and other guests Villete, hardly any of them can return to normal life. Although, in fact, who is this crazy? After all, its just someone who lives in a special world. And in this world it is quite full. In each of us there is this his own, special world . This novel by Paulo Coelho put 3 on a 5-point scale. Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die Paulo Coelho. Veronika Decides to Die What is a good name, but because it fully reflects the meaning of the book. Im not talking about the unfortunate suicide that she tried to commit, Im talking about her actions and thoughts throughout the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Samonushenie- wild power. Dr. Igor matures idea and put it into practice with the help of Veronica, That, in turn, nothing suspect because she is busy with thoughts of death, his death, And it is enough to know that you will die in a week, to love life forever. This book is full of brilliant x phrases and more than that, reading this novel, you can buy a lot of knowledge, some of them I even decided to write: * one of the factors determining the state of mind of a person, is a recently discovered substance serotonin. Lack of serotonin affects the ability to concentrate on work, sleep, eat, enjoy the pleasant moments of life * great Slovenian poet Preshern (about him in the book mentioned very often) * crazy. is the inability to pass on to others their perception. As if you were in a foreign country everything you see, you know, whats going on around you, but not in a position to explain and get help because they do not understand the language in which they say * it is wasting its energy on efforts. correspond to the image that has established for itself. Thats why she never had the forces out to be myself * man allows himself the luxury of being mad, only when he created for this condition. * Stop constantly thinking, if you all the way! If someone does not like it, he complains. And if he lacks the courage to complain, then its his problem. * the laws were not created to solve problems, and for their endless entanglement in endless judicial litigation. (This is a very interesting example of a written and other) Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die Let me join the chromosomal those who do not like Coelho 🙂 Although, I personally do not care it. I hope I Love Gothic allow anything negative to say constructively as I once read a book is not the author of the cover to crust (though Im not ashamed of :), trying to find the answer to the question What they (the fans Coelho) it sees this deep or serious? first. A lot of people read it? Well, well, they at least something to read. Secondly, in these books there is something about the eternal and the good. Let primitive and thrown around, but still not how to hate and destroy all around. We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Unfortunately, the list of my positive with respect to the creation Coelho has dried up. The rest of the It is about good and evil, of dreamers and destiny of human destiny can read something from the category of food for thought, and Coelho, to put it mildly, not call up this notion. Dear Gothic Love, grow up, read a little more and realize that there is something more worthwhile:) To be honest, I was a little irritated more and Coelho language. How strange that he wrote as a childrens storyteller, respectively, it seems that it appeals to readers as to small children, not as equals. Gothic properly noticed of Good and Zdle, sorry, Evil;) Only in fairy tales these concepts are clearly separated, everything in life some not so PS. Dear uvazhateli and fans, terrible to say, fans Coelho 🙂 Take the trouble to read something from Carlos Castaneda, or the ancient philosophers, for uzreet true origin of original ideas of his favorite author, and you will be happy and insight:) Veronika Decides to Die Review Essay Example Veronika Decides to Die Review Paper Essay on Veronika Decides to Die And what else could I see comments about this book? Naturally nothing good Im used to seeing only the bad reviews about Coelho When I took the book in his hands, then this author yet in sight, no one knew -. it only appeared a book in Russian. Not about any fashion and out of the question. I was then 15 years old, maybe less. Teenage depression, family problems pushed me to a very good thought and action. And this book is still in the old edition and a paperback helped me get out of my state. And what is necessary for the silly girl as a teenager? everything to be simple and clear, that there was at least some sense (meaning I was looking around and snotty novels Im not very interested in) the book to leave at least something beautiful. At that time, the book by Paulo Coelho gave me a new outlook on life and everyday life. I think of them with a pleasant smile. We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veronika Decides to Die Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And Im sorry that there are so advertised his books, and people judge it by the opinions of others. But I agree, at the moment what is published is far from the quality of the first novels (although maybe I became older and Coelhos philosophy does not seem to me a revelation)) And again. I do not understand people who judge the quality of the book at the place of reading it. Im the next three years in the transport of spent 5 hours a day. So do you really think that all this time while I went to the train, metro and bus can be stupidly stare at people and do nothing? I would be mad but I just learned not to see or hear anyone or anything other than the book in my hands would not say that the literature on the psychology of the extreme activities or properties of neural brain can be compared to Dontsova!

15 Top NYC Colleges How to Decide If Theyre Right for You

15 Top NYC Colleges How to Decide If They're Right for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips New York is the most populous US city, and there are dozens of colleges in New York City. Should you go to college in NYC? If you want to be close to Gray’s Papaya, Madison Square Garden, Broadway, and Wall Street, then going to schoolin New York City might be a good option. In this article, I’ll provide you with a list oftop-ranked collegesin NYC. Furthermore, I’ll explainthe benefits and disadvantages of attending college in New York City and offer some advice on decidingif you should attend college in NYC. The 15Top-Ranked Schools in NYC I've listed the top-ranked collegesin NYC in the order of their Forbes rankings for the best overall colleges because Forbes includes all colleges in its rankings. TheUS News divides colleges into 4 categories for its rankings: National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities, and Regional Colleges. I listed each school’s category after its US News ranking. The majority of the most prestigious schools are in the National University or National Liberal Arts College category.The Regional Colleges and Universities are still good, but they’re typically not as well-known nationally. Forbes and US News use many variables to determine their rankings. Their ranking methodologies are different, but they both use factors like graduation rates and freshman retention rates in their ranking lists. Forbes focuses more on student outcomes and incorporates alumni salary and student debt in its rankings while US News focuses more on the academic reputations of colleges. There are private and public colleges of varying sizes on the list. The CUNY colleges are the public colleges in New York City. There are four-year CUNY colleges. Also, some of the colleges on the list have a particular focus.Barnard is a women’s college. Cooper Union offers programs exclusively in architecture, fine arts, and engineering. Manhattan College is a Roman Catholic school and Yeshiva University is a Jewish college. School Forbes Ranking US News Ranking Average SAT Score Average ACT Score Acceptance Rate Columbia University #15 #4 (National Universities) 2215 33 7% Barnard College #42 #29 (National Liberal Arts Colleges) 2020 30 21% Cooper Union #73 #2 (Regional Colleges-North) 1987 31 8% New York University #77 #32 (National Universities) 2015 30 32% Fordham University #153 #66 (National Universities) 1870 28 43% CUNY- City College #177 #66 (Regional Universities-North) 1030 (on Reading and Math only) N/A 34% Manhattan College #198 #17 (Regional Universities-North) 1623 25 66% Yeshiva University #209 #52 (National Universities) 1840 26 82% CUNY- Baruch College #262 #32 (Regional Universities-North) 1229 (on Reading and Math only) N/A 27% CUNY- Brooklyn College #280 #83 (Regional Universities-North) 1096 (on Reading and Math only) N/A 28% CUNY- Hunter College #297 #47 (Regional Universities-North) 75 (on Reading and Math only) N/A 31% CUNY- Queens College #308 #47 (Regional Universities-North) 1624 N/A 37% The New School #314 #127 (National Universities) N/A N/A 67% CUNY- Lehman College #409 #6 (Regional Universities-North) 1425 N/A 23% Pace University #443 #180 (National Universities) 1090 (on Reading and Math only) 24 81% Butler Library at Columbia University (Susan Sermoneta/Flickr) Other Popular NYC Colleges New York City is known for its prestigious art schools like thePratt Institute, the Fashion Institute of Technology, andThe Juilliard School. Additional well-known colleges in New York include St. John's University and the other CUNY colleges. Benefits of Going to College in New York City If you go to one of the many colleges in NYC, you'll be able to reap all of these benefits. You’ll Never Be Bored Many colleges are in remote locations. If you ever get tired of on-campus activities, there aren’t a ton of options for off-campus fun.If you go to college in New York City, you’ll be in one of the most vibrant, exciting cities in the world. You’ll have easy access to museums, plays, sporting events, bars, clubs, and restaurants. You can check out The Metropolitan Museum of Art or the Guggenheim. If you're a basketball fan, you can attend a New York Knicks or Brooklyn Nets game. You may want to go see The Book of Mormon on Broadway. If you're like me and you enjoy some programming on The Food Network, you'll probably be excited to try the restaurants of Bobby Flay and Marcus Samuelsson. Many NYC colleges offer deals to students so they can take advantage of New York’s cultural offerings.Through its Arts Initiative, Columbia University offers students free admission to over 30 museums and discounted rates to theater and musical performances.Similarly, NYU Ticket Central offers discounted tickets to movies, Broadway and off-Broadway shows, sporting events, musical performances, and more. The Vine at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (ketrin1407/Flickr) Internship and Job Opportunities One huge advantage of going to college in NYC is that there are so many industries and companies that are based there. There are numerous opportunities for college students to get internships or jobs that will give them meaningful experiences and lead to employment after graduation.Here’s a list of over 200undergraduate intern jobs in NYC on LinkedIn. If you’re interested in theater, fashion, journalism, or finance, there are few cities with more opportunities in those fields than New York. Diversity If you go to a large state school in a college town, you’ll probably be surrounded by mostly traditional college-aged students who are from the state in which the college is located. In NYC, you’ll be able to interact with tons of people from all over the world.There are more foreign-born immigrants who live in NYC than there are people who live in Chicago.You’ll be able to explore the many different ethnic neighborhoods in NYC where you can experience the cuisines and cultures of different nationalities. Especially in today's global economy, graduating college with a global perspective and knowledge of different cultures can benefit you in your professional life. Transportation At many colleges, students often complain that they feel like they’re in a bubble or trapped in a very insulated environment, especially if they don’t have a car and can’t easily get off campus. In New York, you’ll have no issue exploring the city without a car.Between the subway, trains, cabs, and Uber, you shouldn’t have any problem getting around the city or accessing other cities on the east coast.An added bonus is that the subway is pretty cheap and efficient. The Food Maybe I’m only emphasizing food because I really like to eat.When I was in college at Stanford, I remember being hungry late at night, and because I didn’t have a car, I had to convince my roommate to take us to go get some grub. Our only real option off-campus at that time was Jack in the Box, a mediocre fast food establishment. NYC is known for having some of the best restaurants in the world. There are cheap, tasty restaurants, food stands, and food trucks representing every type of food imaginable.If you live on campus and get sick of dorm food, you’ll have access to so many different types of food at all hours.I’m a little jealous that I didn’t have Shake Shack near me when I was in college. You can even get chicken and waffles in NYC! (Arnold Gatilao/flickr) Disadvantages of Going to College in New York City While going to aNew York City college can offer you many advantages and excitement, there are some potential downsides of going to school in NYC. Distractions Since you’re primarily in college to learn, you may find it distracting to try to study and go to class in the â€Å"City That Never Sleeps.†Because you’ll have access to so many social opportunities and entertainment options in New York City, you’ll have to maintain discipline to ensure that you’re taking care of your academic responsibilities. Less School Spirit and Less of an On-Campus Community At colleges in college towns, everything revolves around the college. People sport their school colors with pride, enthusiastically cheer on their sports teams, and seem to have a strong bond with the school. At colleges in New York City, the colleges are a very small part of the city.Students are likely to spend less time on campus because they’re out exploring the city and all it has to offer. There can be less of a sense of community going to school in such an urbanenvironment. Also, none of the colleges in NYC have big-time football programs, and athletics aren’t a huge part of the college experience. If you want to experience cheering on your school in a stadium with 100,000 screaming fans, you won't get that at a New York City college.However, St. John’s does have a storied basketball program, and they play some of their home basketball games in the historic Madison Square Garden. New York City Is Expensive Even though you can find cheap food, discounted tickets to events, and the subway doesn’t cost much, almost everything you do off campus will cost you some money.If you have limited funds, you may not really be able to take advantage of what the city has to offer. Furthermore, if you don’t have money and your friends are going to fancy NYC restaurants and getting tickets to Broadway shows, that can make you feel isolated and negatively impact your college experience. Additionally, housing in the NYC Is extremely pricey.If you don’t live on campus, it can be very difficult to find an affordable place to live. You may end up having to live far from campus or in an undesirable location.As of August 2015, the average price of a one bedroom apartment within 10 miles of NYC was$3245 per month. NYC Can Feel Overwhelming New York City has so many people and so much activity that it can feel like a bit much if you prefer being in an environment with a laid-back vibe.Especially if you’re from a rural or suburban environment, being around so many people who seem to always be in a hurry can make you feel unsettled or claustrophobic. Even simple tasks like getting groceries can become chaotic adventures due to to the throngs of people.My friends who live in New York and love it enjoy a fast-paced lifestyle or are at least unaffected by the hustle and bustle of the city. How Do You Decide If an NYC CollegeIs Right for You? If you've never been to New York City, you should try to visit before committing to attend a college in NYC.New York is such a unique place, and it’s hard to determine if you’d enjoy living there for 4-6 years without ever having visited. Check out some of the different neighborhoods and the colleges there that interest you to get a feel for the city and what it would be like to go to school there. If you love New York when you visit, then going to college there may be a good option for you. Keep in mind, though, that even if you enjoy a visit to New York City, it doesn't necessarily mean that you would enjoy living there. If you visit, try to imagine spending years there going through day-to-day activities to help determine if going to college there would be a good decision for you. Also, take note of the specific locations of different NYC colleges. Each neighborhood within New York City has its own personality and offers a slightly different environment. Remember that you’re deciding on a college, and the location should only be one factor in your college search. You should also consider other factors in a college like the cost, its academic reputation, and the majors offered. Try to find the school that’s the best fit for you. Use guidebooks, search websites, and college finders to help you in the college selection process. I believe that going to college in New York City is a great option for students who enjoy urban environments and thrive on the activity in a big city setting.Consider the benefits and disadvantages of attending college in New York City. Do the pros outweigh the cons for you? If so, then you may want to attend college in The Big Apple. Michael Pick/Flickr What's Next? Maybe you're thinkingthe colleges in NYC aren't right for you after all. Check out our guide to the differenttypes of locations to determine if you might be happier at a suburban or rural school. Regardless of where you decide you want to go to college, make sure you're familiar with the application process and know how to apply. Also, learn strategies for the common application essay prompts. Finally, check out this post on how to write about extracurriculars on your college applications. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Threats to the Global Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Threats to the Global Security - Essay Example As the research declares the major world super powers (United Kingdom, Germany, France, China, Russia and the United States) followed a two-track policy that encouraged Iran to take part in the diplomatic negotiations as they continuously impose comprehensive sanctions a gains energy and financial sectors in Iran. Both the U.S and Israel encouraged the imposition of the sanctions and the search of the diplomatic resolutions as they give serious warning that there will be limited time for the policies and that all the available options for example military actions had only to be put on the table for discussions. According to the report findings nuclear -armed Iranian military in most cases posed a lot of threat to the Americas closest allies who were mostly in the Middle East. Israel on the other hand was also at great security risks as most of the leaders from the Iran continuously declared a war of trying to wipe out the Israel from the global map. Close allies of America like the Saudi Arabia had already been alarmed of the Iran’s aggressive policy thereby increasing their feeling bout threat by the Iran. For a very long period of time Middle East remained a significant source of the energy that was used in the U.S and the whole world . And for this reason, a nuclear-armed Iran sparked a nuclear arms race in the better part of the Middle East that for a very long time destabilize the volatile and vital region.

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example It is expected that not any kind of people, but only a few with certain work personalities can become effective in particular kinds of jobs. This fact about employee types is attributed to five major personality types or characteristics found to be predominant among workers, namely: extroversion/introversion; emotional stability/instability; agreeableness/hostility; conscientiousness/heedlessness; and open-mindedness/closed-mindedness (Barrick and Mount, 1991). Depending on the line of work, there may be observed imbalances between the levels of each personality type, and this accounts for the predominating personality type among individuals in a particular work setting, which in turn dictates their success or failure in particular work settings or careers. ... ality types in each individual could affect the relative success or failure in each kind of job or work, thus it is important that aside from knowing the personal strengths and weaknesses of each individual, it is also relevant that the company’s goals be clear and concise enough to be understood (Bruck and Allen, 2003). With this in mind, the workplace must be able to create an environment that cultivates the individual’s skills in various levels and areas while at the same time relying on each person’s predominating work personality type. Different personality types go well with certain kinds of work. Person-job (PJ) fitting and person-organisation (PO) fitting has been used to assess what kind of work would make particular types of people excel, as well as predicting those that may prove to be difficult for them (Ryan and Kristof-Brown, 2003). People rating high in extroversion levels are reported to be suitable to careers with greater public exposure such as sales, those which rate high in emotional stability are more suited to law-enforcement work lie in security or police work, conscientiousness is linked with meticulous and detailed work such as engineering and architecture, agreeableness goes well with public service work such as foundations or public health work, and openness is one trait that is lauded in the academics or in research work (Mullins, 2005; Touze, 2005). When the PJ or the PO rating is good, this implies that the person is able to reconcile personal beliefs, attitudes and work goals with the organisation’s own objectives, which increases the person’s chances of staying in the organisation and achieving personal satisfaction. However, when the PJ or PO rating is bad or low, chances are that the individual’s personal preferences simply

Algorithms for pre-processing and processing stages of x-ray images

Algorithms for pre-processing and processing stages of x-ray images 1.1 Introduction This chapter presents algorithms for pre-processing and processing stages of both cervical and lumbar vertebrae x-ray images. Pre-processing stage here is the process of locating and enhancement the spine regionof interestin the x-ray image, where the processing stage includes the shape boundary representation and segmentation algorithms based feature vectors extraction and morphometric measurement. In this research the spine vertebrae are introduced and the objectives of segmentation algorithm are discussed. Then various general segmentation approaches including those based on the shape boundary extraction are discussed and applied to our spinal x-ray image collection. The current approach is introduced with a flow diagram and then the individual blocks of the segmentation process are taken up and discussed in detail. 1.2 Image Acquisition A digital archive of 17,000 cervical and lumbar spine x-ray images from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) is maintained by the Lister Hill National Center of Biomedical Communications in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Among these 17,000 images, approximately 10,000 are cervical spine x-rays and 7,000 are lumbar x-rays. Text data (including gender, age, symptom, etc.) are associated with each image. This collection has long been suggested to be very valuable for research into the prevalence of osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases. It is a goal of intramural researchers to develop a biomedical information resource useful to medical researchers and educators. Figure 3.1 shows two sample images from the database. Spine x-ray images generally have low contrast and poor image quality. They do not provide meaningful information in terms of texture or color. Pathologies found on these spine x-ray images that are of interest to the medical researchers are generally expressed along the vertebral boundary. (a) (b) 1.3 Proposed segmentation scheme The proposed process main stages scheme shown at Figure3.2, followed by a details review of the used methods applied to our spinal images and can be listed as follow: a. Pre-processing stage include image acquisition, region localization (RL) and region localization enhancement. b. Shape boundary representation and segmentation stage; include active shape model (ASM) segmentation based on two shape boundary representation 9-anatomical points and b-spline representation. c. Feature extraction stage; include feature extraction based shape feature vector and morphometric measurement-invariant features for indexing. d. Classification and similarity matching stage; include feature models classifier and similarity matching for diagnosis and retrieval 1.4 Pre-processingstage 1.4.1 Spineregion localization Region localization (RL) refers to the estimation of boundaries within the image that enclose objects of interest at a coarse level of precision. RL is important for assisting human experts in rapid image display and review (independent of its use in initializing a segmentation process). For example, with an algorithm that can rapidly, and with high probability identify the spine region with a marked line passing, this region of interest can be automatically zoomed on the display even though the location and orientation of the spine may vary appreciably in these images. This algorithm assumes that a line passing through the maximum amount of bone structure in the image will lie over a large part of the spine area, given a line passing through the image; Figure 3.3 shows the region localization (RL) selection of both cervical and lumbar images. (a) (b) 1.4.2 Enhancement approach Image enhancement is significant part of AVFAS recognition systems. Changes in lighting conditions produces dramatically decrease of recognition performance, if an image is low contrast and dark, we wish to improve its contrast and brightness. The widespread histogram equalization cannot correctly improve all parts of the image. When the original image is irregularly illuminated, some details on resulting image will remain too bright or too dark. Typically, digitized x-ray images are corrupted by additive noise and de-noising can improve the visibility of some structures in medical x-ray images, thus improving the performance of computer assisted segmentation algorithms. However, image enhancement algorithms generally amplify noise [17, 18]. Therefore, higher de-noising performance is important in obtaining images with high visual quality for that reason different enhancement techniques was implemented i. Adaptive histogram-based equalization ( Filter 1) Adaptive histogram-based equalization (AHE) can be applied to aid in the viewing of key cervical and lumbar vertebrae features, and its an excellent contrast enhancement method for medical image and other initially no visual images. In medical imaging its automatic operation and effective presentation of all contrast available in the image data make it a competitor of the standard contrast enhancement methods. The goal of using adaptive histogram equalization is to obtain a uniform histogram for the output image, so that an optimal overall contrast is perceived. However, the feature of interest in an image might need enhancement locally. Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) computes the histogram of a local window centred at a given pixel to determine the mapping for that pixel, which provides a local contrast enhancement. However, the enhancement is so strong that two major problems can arise: noise amplification in flat regions of the image and ring artifacts at strong edges [12, 13]. Histogram equalization maps the input images intensity values so that the histogram of the resulting image will have an approximately uniform distribution [9-11].The histogram of a digital image with gray levels in the range [0, L-1] is a discrete function Where is the gray level, is the number of pixels in the image with that gray level, is the total number of pixels in the image, and k =0, 1, 2 L-1, basically gives an estimate of the probability of occurrence of gray level The local contrast of the object in the image is increased by applied histogram equalization, especially when the applied data of the image is represented by close contrast values. Through this adjustment the intensity can be better distributed on the histogram, this allows for areas of lower local contrast to gain a higher contrast without affecting the global contrast. (a) (b) ii. Adaptive contrast enhancement The idea is to enhance contrast locally analyzing local grey differences taking into account mean grey level. First we apply local adaptive contrast enhancement. Parameters are set to amplify local features and diminish mean brightness in order to obtain more contrast resulting image. After that we apply histogram equalization. Adaptive gamma value Gamma correction Gamma correction operation performs nonlinear brightness adjustment. Brightness for darker pixels is increased, but it is almost the same for bright pixels. As result more details are visible. 1.5 Shape boundary segmentation Shape boundary segmentation presented at this work is a hierarchical segmentation algorithm tailored to the segmentation of cervical and lumbar vertebrae in digitized x-ray images. The algorithm employs the both shape boundary representation schemes, 9-anatomical points representation (9-APR) and B-spline representation (B-SR) to obtain a suitable initialization for segmentation stage that utilize active shape models (ASMs) proposed by Cootes et al. The advantage of using ASMs in medical image segmentation applications is that rather than creating models that are purely data driven, ASMs gain a priori knowledge through a thorough observation of the shape variation across a training set. 1.5.1 Shape boundary representation Shape is an important characteristic for describing pertinent pathologies in various types of medical image and its a particular challenges regarding vertebra boundary segmentation in spine x-ray images. It was realized that the shape representation method would need to serve the dual purpose of providing a rich description of the vertebra shape while being acceptable to the end user community consisting of medical professionals. In order to model the spinal vertebra shape we presented by term of set points chosen to place point around the boundary , this must be done for each shape at training stage and the labelling point its important. Two schemes list has been used at this stage to determine a vertebra boundary shape in terms of list points i. 9-anatomical point representation (9-APR) We obtained segmentation data created by medical expertise at an early state of our segmentation work; the purpose of this task was to acquire reference data as a guideline for validating vertebrae segmentation algorithms. These data consisted of (x, y) coordinates for specific geometric locations on the vertebrae; a maximum of 9-anatomical points representation (9-APR) assigned and marked by board certificate radiologist that is indicative of the pathology found to be consistently and reliably detectable per vertebra were collected . Figure 3.7 shows below the points were placed manually on each vertebrae and which is the interest to medical researchers. Points 1, 3, 4, and 6 are indicative of the four corners of the vertebral body as seen in a projective sagittal view. Points 4 and 3 mark the upper and lower posterior corners of the vertebra, respectively; Points 6 and 1 mark the upper and lower anterior corners of the vertebra, respectively. Points 5 and 2 are the median along the upper and lower vertebra edge in the sagittal view; Point 8 is the median along the anterior vertical edge of the vertebra in the sagittal view. Note that Points 7 and 9 mark the upper and lower anterior osteophytes, so if osteophyte(s) are not present on the vertebra, then these points (7-9) coincide with points 6 and 1, respectively. ii. B-spline representation (B-SR) Representation of curves using piecewise polynomial interpolation to obtain curves is widely used in computer graphics .B-spline are piecewise polynomial curves whose shape is closely related to their control polygon a chain of vertices giving a polygonal representation of curves. B-splines of the third order are most common because this is the lowest order which includes the changes of curvatures. The Advantage of using B-spline techniques at this research is to enhance the 9-anatomical points, B-spline curves require more information (i.e., the degree of the curve and a knot vector) and a more complex theory than Bà ©zier curves. But, it has more advantages to offset this shortcoming. * B-spline curve can be a Bà ©zier curve. * B-spline curves satisfy all important properties that Bà ©zier curves have. * B-spline curves provide more control flexibility than Bà ©zier curves can do. * The degree of a B-spline curve is separated from the number of control points. More precisely [ReF]. We can use lower degree curves and still maintain a large number of control points and also we can change the position of a control point without globally changing the shape of the whole curve (local modification property). Since B-spline curves satisfy the strong convex hull property, they have a finer shape control. Moreover, there are other techniques for designing and editing the shape of a curve such as changing knots. B-spline is a generalization of the Bezier curve [Ref] , let a vector known as the knot vector be defined, Where, is a no decreasing sequence with and define control points, Define the degree as ,The knots are called internal knots. 1.5.2 Modelling Shape Variations In ASM, an object shape is represented by a set of landmark points and requires a good initialization of an objects pose in an image (i.e., location, size, and angle of rotation); therefore, we used the two schemes representation (9-APR B-SR) in our proposed segmentation technique to create this initialization. Several instances of the same object class are included in a training set and in order to model the variations we need to align the set of shapes. i. Training set In order to build a model that is flexible enough to cover the most typical variations of vertebrae, a sufficiently large training set has to be used. For the purpose of the investigation reported in this work, we locate the shape (by eye) and its important that the two schemes representations are accurately located and that there is an exact correspondence between labels in different instances of training shapes. In this research a set of 1100 vertebra for both cervical (400 vertebral) and lumbar (710 vertebra) has been used. ii. Aligning trainshapes The model that will be used to describe a shape and its typical appearances is based on the variations of the spatial position of each landmark point within the training set. Each point will thus have a certain distribution in the image space and therefore the shape model is being referred to as a Point Distribution Model (PDM). In order to obtain the PDM, we use the two shape representation, to align the shapes, and finally, to summarize the landmark variations in a compact form. In what follows, these steps are being described in some detail. We achieve the required alignment by scaling, rotating and translating the training shapes so that they correspond as closely as possible. 1.7 Shape boundary Indexing The shape analysis described here is related to the statistical analysis of vertebrae shapes to shape similarity matching and recognition. Three schemes of shape analysis implemented at this stage. First scheme is the shape analysis based feature vectors extraction includes statistical shape feature (SSF) and Gabor wavelets features (GWF). Second scheme is the shape analysis based morphometric measurement based angles measurement index (AMI) and intra-bone ratio measurement (IBRM). Last is the analysis based similarity matching, the index output result from each analysis will be considered as input to the classifier systems those schemes outlined are described below. Feature vector is an n-dimensional vector of numerical features represents object shape. Statistical models captured from active shape model, Gabor wavelets filter bank require a numerical representation of vertebrae shape based on both boundary shape representation (9-anatomical point model ,B-spline curve), since such representations facilitate processing and statistical analysis. Figure below shows schematic pattern recognition system based feature vectors. 1.7.1 Statistical shapefeatures(SSF) Each vertebral in the training set, when aligned can be represented by a single points in 2n dimensional space (eq2).Thus a set of N example shapes gives base on each shape boundary representation cloud of N point in this 2n dimensional space. We assume that these points lie within some region of the space which call the Allowed Shape Domain and that the points give an indication of the shape and size of this region. Every 2n-D point within this domain gives a set of landmarks whose shape is broadly similar to that of those in the original training set. Thus by moving about the Allowable shape domain we can generate new shapes in systematic way .The approach given below attempts to model the shape of this cloud in high dimensional space and hence to capture the relationship between the positions of the individual landmark points. 1.7.2 Gabor wavelets features(GWF) The objectives of this stage is to explore the feasibility of using Gabor wavelet-constructed spatial filters to extract feature-based vector from shape boundary consisting of cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and to use these extracted feature vectors to train and test with different classifier. To evaluate the robustness of the method, so many analysis based filter and mask size was experimented to select the suitable Gabor mask that will be convolute with the two vertebra shape boundary extracted. In order to briefly describe Gabor wavelets and provide a rationale for this stage of work, the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Gabor Transform need to be explained first. The Fourier transform is a fundamental tool of classical signal analysis. i. Gabor wavelets filter bank The Gabor wavelet function used in this research for AOs feature extraction was same as Naghdy (1996) used and was defined. Where: the different choices of frequency j and orientation constructed a set of filters. ii. Filter frequency and mask size analysis As the frequency of the sinusoid changes, the window size will be changed. (Fig. 3.28, 3.29, 3.30 and 3.32) shows real and imaginary parts of eight two-dimensional wavelets filters. When j is changed from 1 to 4, the sinusoid frequency is reduced whereas the Gaussian window size increases. In comparison, for the Gabor transform, Gaussin window size will remain same. iii. Convolution vertebral region with the filter bank The elementary Gabor wavelet functions were used to construct spatial domain filters, Each filter was made of a pair of filters, which were the real and imaginary part of the complex sinusoid. These pair was convolved with the green channel signal of texture image separately. The reason of choosing the green channel to do convolution was that the green channel was found to have the best texture quality, which means the best contrast level between plants and soil, among red, blue and MExG channels. This scenario is absolutely sensor dependent and may not be the case for other sensors. For one frequency level, the filtering output was the modulation of the average of the convolution output from real and imaginary filter masks on all convolved pixels in the green channel image, which was computed. iv. Gabor wavelets filer bank block diagram 1.8 Shape boundary morphometric measurement 1.8.1 Morphometric measurement-invariant features For efficient image retrieval, it is important that the pathological features of interest be detected with high accuracy. In this stage of Automatic Vertebral Fracture Assessment System techniques, new morphometric measurement-invariant features were investigated for the detection of anterior osteophytes, including lumbar and cervical vertebrae. The goal in this stage of work is to investigate a measurement algorithm for high accuracy and avoid the complex calculation. Two approaches morphometric measurement-invariant features were developed based: 1) Angles invariant features (A-IF) 2) Intra-distance ratio invariant features (ID-IF) The results of this morphometric extraction geometries calculation will produce a signal of two index based on angle and distance measurement that can be used to distinguish between the anterior osteoporosis classes and their severity implemented as input for classifier algorithm. Figure below show the block diagram of the shape analyses based morphometric technique. Stage 1: AOs detection Two classification schemes for anterior osteophytes were established by a medical expert to evaluate the accuracy of the PSM algorithm. The first is Macnabs classification, established by Macnab and his coworkers in 1956 on radiological and pathological bases [6, 7].Two types of osteophytes are adapted from Macnabs classification: claw and traction, as shown in Figure 1. Their visual characteristics are: 1. Claw spur rises from the vertebral rim and curves toward the adjacent disk. It is often triangular in shape and curved at the tips. 2. Traction spur protrudes horizontally, is moderately thick, does not curve at the tips, and never extends across the intervertebral disk space. The second classification is a grading system which was defined by the medical expert consistent with reasonable criteria for assigning severity levels to anterior osteophytes (AO). Three grades of AO are slight, moderate, and severe, also shown in Table 1. Their visual characteristics are: 1. Slight grade includes normal, where the corner angles on the vertebral boundary are approximately right angles. It may have a slight protuberance, where the tip of the osteophyte is round and no narrowing is observed at the base of the protuberance. 2. Moderate grade is characterized by evident protuberance from the ideal horizontal or vertical edge of the vertebra. The bounding edges of the AO form an angle of at least 45 degrees and the osteophyte has a relatively wider base than severe grade. 3. Severe grade is characterized by presence of hook, the angle is less than 45 degrees and has a narrow base, or protrudes far (about 1/3 of the length of the horizontal border) from the normal (ideal 90 degree) vertebral corner. Angles invariant features (A-IF) We explore three main angles for measurement that make sense of difference between the AO classes from the 9-anatomical landmarks model. Shape below show the angle of interest selected that will be used next as input for our classifier system to make decision (a) Turning Angle (b) Intra-Distance Across the Shape Turn Angle (TA) To capture the characteristics of shape in local regions, we use two different features. The first is Turn Angle (TA). Turn Angle is also called Turning Angle or Bent Angle. It is defined as follows [3]: if the points on the polygon are ordered in the counterclockwise direction, and the polygon is traversed in this direction, the Turn Angle is the angle between the direction vector for the current polygon segment and the next one; the sense of the Turn Angle is calculated such that a clockwise turn gives a negative angle whereas a counterclockwise turn gives a positive angle. Figure 3 (a) shows an example. For an arbitrary shape, the Turn Angle feature could be calculated from the approximating polygon for that shape. Turn Angle for a polygon with n vertices is simply a vector in Rn . For example, if the vertebra is represented as a polygon with 72 vertices (our sparse representation), the Turn Angle is a 72-element vector. If the polygon has the concept of an initial vertex, similarity computation is straightforward, e.g., with a Euclidean metric. If there is no initial vertex, similarity between two shapes may be computed by a combinatorial comparison of distances between possibly-matching sets of vertices. This computation may be optimized by dynamic programming. Intra-distance ratio invariant features (ID-IF) Distance across the shape [4] is another local shape feature. DAS is defined, for each vertex P in a polygon, as the length of the angle bisector at P, measured as the line segment from P to the intersecting side of the polygon. For Example, the interior bisector of angle à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚  P2P3P4 in the figure 3 (b) intersects the contour at point I3. The length of P3I3 is the DAS at point P3. If the bisector intersects the shape multiple times, the distance to the closest intersection is used. Similarly as for turn angle, if we represent the vertebra shape as a polygon with 72 sample points, the DAS feature may be calculated on those 72 points. Where, V: is called as vertical angle calculated between the points 7-8-9 H: is called as horizontal angle calculated between the points 1-2-3 C: is called as corner angle calculated between the points 8-9-1 Angle formula calculation between these three points coordinates as follow 1.9 Operation Step 1: Calculate the Horizontal angle and this calculation based on the Step 2: Calculate the Horizontal angle and this calculation based on the Step 3: Calculate the Horizontal angle and this calculation based on the Step 4: build the rule base and evaluate the result by visual inspection Intra-Distance ratio Measurement (I-DRM) Inter-bone ration is another morphometric measurement issue, it was explored based on the shape distance here we focused Where, : Represents the distance posterior height calculated between the points 3-4 : Represents the distance medial height calculated between the points 5-2 : Represents the distance interior height calculated between the points 1-6 : Represents the distance calculated between the points 8-mp, where mp Midpoint between the points 3-4, the Midpoint (mp) coordinates calculation formula as the following: With; (, ) is the point 3 coordinate, (,) is the point 4 coordinate Given the two points (, ) and (,), the distance between these points is given by the formula: The normal vertebra was estimated to have the following ratio distance Distance () =Distance () =Distance () Base on this estimation by expert radiologist we develop another rule base decision system that can work properly to and true classify the normal and abnormal and bone The criteria of the X= Stage 2: AOsLocation Detection of the Ao position conduct us to determine the location either upper or lower AO a) b) The position of the AO is determined by sample way calculation based of angles too Stage 3: Disc space narrowing (DSN) Stage 4 Stage 5:Subluxation/Spondylolisthesis Segmentation and Pre-processing The vertebra shapes were segmented using an active contours method modified to constrain evolving contour points to follow orthogonal curves [18], to avoid convergence to a self-intersecting solution contour at vertebra corners [9]. The solution contours have 36 points. Nine of these 36 points were distinguished as geometrical or anatomical reference points, with relative locations that are approximately constant across the veterbra shapes. The nine points, shown in Figure 2 were either manually marked by experts, or extracted automatically or semi-automatically by specialized algorithms [9]. For the current work, we preprocess these segmented shapes by curve smoothing (to reduce noise), fitting (for smoothness), interpolation, and re-sampling (for larger number of evenly distributed points) to obtain the final shape contour description. The curve fitting and interpolation are done with the natural cubic spline algorithm. Then the shape contour is resampled by equal arc length sampling. Finally, the vertebra whole shape is represented by two boundary point sets with different resolutions. The dense sampling set contains 180 points, and the superior and the inferior anterior corners are represented by 60 points, respectively. The sparse sampling set contains 72 points, with the superior and the inferior anterior corners represented by 25 points, respectively.

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and benefits From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Compensation & Benefits) Jump to: navigation, search Compensation and benefits (abbreviated â€Å"C&B†) is a sub-discipline of human resources, focused on employee compensation and benefits policy-making. It is also known in the UK as â€Å"total reward† and as â€Å"remuneration† in Australia and New Zealand.Contents[hide] * 1 The basic components of employee compensation and benefits * 2 Variable pay * 3 Benefits * 4 Equity-based compensation * 5 Organizational place * 6 Main influencers * 7 Bonus plans| [edit] The basic components of employee compensation and benefits Employee compensation and benefits are basically divided into four categories: 1. Guaranteed pay – monetary (cash) reward paid by an employer to an employee based on employee/employer relations. The most common form of guaranteed pay is the basic salary. . Variable pay – monetary (cash) reward paid by a n employer to an employee that is contingent on discretion, performance or results achieved. The most common forms are bonuses and sales incentives. 3. Benefits – programs an employer uses to supplement employees’ compensation, such as paid time-off, medical insurance, company car, and more. 4. Equity-based compensation – a plan using the employer’s share as compensation. The most common examples are stock options. Guaranteed pay Guaranteed pay is a monetary (cash) reward.The basic element of the guaranteed pay is the base salary, paid based on an hourly, daily, weekly, bi-weekly or a monthly rate. The base salary is typically used by employees for ongoing consumption. Many countries dictate the minimum base salary defining a minimum wage. Individual skills and level of experience of employees leave room for differentiation of income-levels within the job-based pay structure. In addition to base salary, there are other pay elements which are paid based so lely on employee/employer relations, such salary and seniority allowance. edit] Variable pay Variable pay is a monetary (cash) reward that is contingent on discretion, performance or results achieved. There are different types of variable pay plans, such as bonus schemes, sales incentives (commission), overtime pay, and more. An example where this type of compensation plan is prevalent is the real estate industry and real estate agents. A common variable pay plan might be the sales person receives 50% of every dollar they bring in up to a level of revenue at which they then bump up to 85% for every dollar they bring in going forward.Typically, this type of plan is based on an annual period of time requiring a â€Å"resetting† each year back to the starting point of 50%. Sometimes this type of plan is administered so that the sales person never resets and never falls down to a lower level. It also includes Performance Linked Incentive whcih is variable and may range from 130% to 0% as per performance of the indiviudal as per his KRA. [edit] Benefits There is a wide variety of employee benefits, such as paid time-off, insurances (life insurance, medical/dental insurance, and work disability insurance), pension plan, company car, and more.A benefit plan is designed to address a specific need and is often provided not in the form of cash. Many countries dictate different minimum benefits, such as minimum paid time-off, employer’s pension contribution, sick pay, and more. [edit] Equity-based compensation Equity based compensation is an employer compensation plan using the employer’s shares as employee compensation. The most common form is stock options, yet employers use additional vehicles such as restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSU), employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), and stock appreciation rights (SAR).The classic objectives of equity based compensation plans are retention, attraction of new hires and aligning employees’ a nd shareholders’ interests. [edit] Organizational place In most companies, compensation & benefits (C&B) is a sub-function of the human-resources function. HR organizations in big companies are typically divided into three: HR business partners (HRBPs), HR centers of excellence, and HR shared services. C&B is an HR center of excellence, like staffing and organizational development (OD). [edit] Main influencersEmployee compensation and benefits main influencers can be divided into two: internal (company) and external influencers. The most important internal influencers are the business objectives, labor unions, internal equity (the idea of compensating employees in similar jobs and similar performance in a similar way), organizational culture and organizational structure. The most important external influencers are the state of the economy, inflation, unemployment rate, the relevant labor market, labor law, tax law, and the relevant industry habits and trends. edit] Bonus plan s Bonus plans are variable pay plans. They have three classic objectives: 1. Adjust labor cost to financial results – the basic idea is to create a bonus plan where the company is paying more bonuses in ‘good times’ and less (or no) bonuses in ‘bad times’. By having bonus plan budget adjusted according to financial results, the company’s labor cost is automatically reduced when the company isn’t doing so well, while good company performance drives higher bonuses to employees. . Drive employee performance – the basic idea is that if an employee knows that his/her bonus depend on the occurrence of a specific event (or paid according to performance, or if a certain goal is achieved), then the employee will do whatever he/she can to secure this event (or improve their performance, or achieve the desired goal). In other words, the bonus is creating an incentive to improve business performance (as defined through the bonus plan). 3.Emp loyee retention – retention is not a primary objective of bonus plans, yet bonuses are thought to bring value with employee retention as well, for three reasons: a) a well designed bonus plan is paying more money to better performers; a competitor offering a competing job-offer to these top performers is likely to face a higher hurdle, given that these employees are already paid higher due to the bonus plan. b) if the bonus is paid annually, employee is less inclined to leave the company before bonus payout; often the reason for leaving (e. g. dispute with the manager, competing job offer) ‘goes away' by the time the bonus is paid. he bonus plan ‘buy' more time for the company to retain the employee. c) employees paid more are more satisfied with their job (all other things being equal) thus less inclined to leave their employer. The concept saying bonus plans can improve employee performance is based on the work of Frederic Skinner, perhaps the most influential p sychologist of the 20th century. Using the concept of Operant Conditioning, Skinner claimed that an organism (animal, human being) is shaping his/her voluntary behavior based on its extrinsic environmental consequences – i. . reinforcement or punishment. This concept captured the heart of many, and indeed most bonus plans nowadays are designed according to it, yet since the late 1940s a growing body of empirical evidence suggested that these if-then rewards do not work in a variety of settings common to the modern workplace. Research even suggested that these type of bonus plans have the potential of damaging employee performance. Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Compensation_and_benefits&oldid=478107814† View page ratingsRate this page Rate this page Page ratings What's this? Current average ratings. 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Your ratings have been saved.Did you know that you can edit this page? Edit this pageMaybe later Categories: * Human resource management * Employment compensation Personal tools * Log in / create account Namespaces * Article * Talk Variants Views * Read * Edit * View history Actions Search ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form Navigation * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Cite this page * Rate this page Print/export * Create a book * Download as PDF * Printable version * This page was last modified on 21 February 2012 at 18:25. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. 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Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf - Is it a Scam?

Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf - Is it a Scam? The Truth About Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf You might also see concept essay. To help you produce a productive essay outline here are tips that will be able to help you. You could also see travel essay. You might also see student essay. You will need to read several GRE sample essays depending on the Issue task before you find it possible to grasp the way by which your response ought to be framed in order to accomplish a superior score in this test section. The issue essay in GRE needs an adequate amount of prep before the actual test. You will get your essay scores approximately 10-15 days following your test date. The perfect way to find out how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to examine a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. If you want to know more regarding the GRE essay length, we've completed a distinct post on that. In several other tests, you will be shown the gre essay topics to write about. Not only do you have to read through GRE sample essays, but you also ought to look for topics on which you are able to write GRE sample essays yourself and have them evaluated. At this time you must un derstand that writing a very good gre essay is dependent on the kind of topic you select, so you need to consider certain things before you select a topic. You could also see scholarship essay. The essay graders know that you simply get 30 minutes to compose each AWA essay and in addition, they know that you won't have the ability to cover every potential argument, reason and rebuttal. Bear in mind that lots of distinct essays can make high scores. Take advantage of these essays to rate your own degree of writing. Where to Find Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf Arguments are normally not well-supported or can be readily refuted, therefore, your very first sentence can produce the point that the argument isn't well-reasoned, as it leaves out factors that would want to get considered. Reasoning plays an important role in deciding the general caliber of your essay. So, it's safe to say that in case you write no less than a few sentences in English, you will receive a score of 1.0. Now, you've got to be in a position to understand the differences between both topics you'll be presented with. It is possible to then practice replicating successful connections between ideas in your practice essays. In essence you're interpreting the info. Well thankfully, there are a number of options that you are able to consider. Lies You've Been Told About Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf While reading, it's also wise to make note of all of the unfamiliar words and later learn them. Just take a couple of minutes to plan your response and compose an outline before starting your essay. Also a reminder that you could work with me if you're searching for issue essay feedback. The action of writing down the definition can help you remember this, and you may incorporate an illustration of the way the word is utilized to boost your odds of memorising it for use in essays. Whispered Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf Secrets So long as you use sensible reasoning, good grammar and provided that you are able to defend your point intelligently and utilize pre cise vocabulary to convey meaning effectively, you ought to be alright. You will be supplied an issue statement that produces a claim that can be seen from a number of different angles. There is, in addition, the dilemma of grammar. Between grammar and style, it is much easier to improve. New Questions About Gre Analytical Writing Argument Topics Essay Samples Pdf The argument is weakened by the presence of several facets which may have directly or indirectly affected the normal property values of the Brookville community in the past seven decades. Be aware that you're NOT being requested to present your own views about the topic. Try to remember that there's no correct or wrong reaction. Obviously, it's one of the most essential facets, but it isn't the only aspect.