The Natural Feminine in Romanticism: A Commentary Essay -- Gender F

After Bethany and Sarah's introduction, Nature as Woman, I was intrigued and confounded - as were they, I think - by the variety of negating perspectives on nature as it identifies with sex. As indicated by prevailing perspectives on Romanticism, access to nature required an unmistakably female point of view. Incomprehensibly, this female point of view, entitled ycleped 'reasonableness' was to be taken used most successfully by men, yet it laid on 'ladylike' feeling [as] †¦ a progressively unadulterated reaction to nature (Fay 5). As per G.J. Barker-Benfield's The Culture of Sensibility the sentimentalizing procedure included the restraint of a specific 'masculinity' that is tasteless and savage (288) except if directed by a female impact, along these lines lady was to utilize the alleged 'regular' endowments of her sex to loan culture to her progressively powerful and virile partner. On first look, this control of 'masculine' attributes seems to loan authenticity to 'female' st andards; notwithstanding, this clear freedom of the ladylike lights up two intense issues. To begin with, as Barker-Benfield calls attention to, 'ladylike' beliefs are advantaged, yet just as they serve to enhance man; lady isn't romanticized in her own right. In this administration of a manly reason lady was to be 'formed' by men as opposed to without anyone else (288). Second, the apparently legitimisation of 'female' goals can seem dynamic at the same time, thus, eventually serves to verify a thought of 'normal gentility that is, in the assessment of numerous a women's activist, an abusive male centric social build that comes up short on any genuine natural referent. In this manner it is extremely fitting, - however not in any way shape or form unobtrusive - that this fake thought of gentility ought to be legitimately applied to Nature herself. In the event that, as Betha... ...continually endeavoring and neglecting to cement and naturalize its sex presumptions. At long last, sexual orientation and male centric society itself are demonstrated shaky and in a general sense jumpy. Works Cited Bethany and Sarah. Nature Being Represented as Woman. Romantic Travelers. 10 Feb. 2005. David S. Miall. 18 Feb. 2005. http://www.ualberta.ca/~dmiall/Travel/index.htm Fay, Elizabeth A. A Feminist Introduction to Romanticism. Malden: Blackwell, 1998. Privett, Anne. Appropriating Nature: Gilpin, the beautiful and Landscape Gardenting. Appropriating Nature: A Presentation for English 409. 10 Feb. 2005. Khaghan Parker, Anne Privett and Luke Ingberg. 18 Feb, 2005 2006. http://members.shaw.ca/weaters/index.htm Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure in Narrative Cinema. Literary Theory: An Anthology. Ed. Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Welcome Introduction Free Essays

Welcome/undergarment Thanks My name is Saw. I’m one of the understudies here. I think I don’t truly resemble an understudy. We will compose a custom exposition test on Welcome Introduction or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Be that as it may, I am one. I might want to invite you here at the beginning of today. Furthermore, I might want to state â€Å"Thank very much† for coming. We know every one of you are exceptionally occupied, so we truly welcome you setting aside a few minutes for us. I thank the entirety of my schoolmates too in light of the fact that they allowed me to give the simple discourse, I think, † Welcome Introduction†. I anticipated that it should be simple yet actually it isn't. I rehearsed a great deal to give this discourse before you however the training didn’t work. I feel apprehensive. Be that as it may, I need to represent the full time, three minutes. To what extent has gone as of now? Time up? K, no issue! I have more to state. I truly like my school, Zee Cabin Maya. I think it is entirely appropriate for adolescents who are in the canal, Eke me. â€Å"why? Why? † I figure you might want to ask me ‘Why? † You realize that word Is not odd for us. Our educators use It a great deal in our group. Many, commonly she asks me. I’m sorry I get no opportunity to answer it now however my companions are holding back to address your inquiry. The significant thing is you have to listen cautiously. On the off chance that you don’t see the purpose of what they are discussing, you can lift your hand up and ask â€Å"Can you rehash that please†. K? K? No, No I’m kidding. You can hear a ton of addresses from all understudies. We got 21 understudies here, 21 talks about everything toward the beginning of today. I don’t know all what they going to converse with you. In the center we blend in with some pleasant melodies. And afterward we are going to take care of with exceptional nourishments for your morning meal, we requested from Hotel Zee Cabin. I’m Joking once more. K, Thank you everybody. I truly welcome you coming and praising our School opening function along with us. Much obliged to you The most effective method to refer to Welcome Introduction, Papers

Startup Finances How To Raise Small Business Loans And Grants

Startup Finances How To Raise Small Business Loans And Grants Deciding to set up a business is easy enough. You have the business idea, and you know how to implement it. The problem, however, is raising the money to get the ball rolling. There will probably be less of a problem if you already have enough money lying around to invest in your own business, but if you are strapped for cash, or your money is not enough to cover the whole startup process, you will definitely need help. Fortunately, there are ways for you to be able to raise the money you need for your startup business.In the past, entrepreneurs had only about a handful of options available to them in order to raise money that they will use to start their small business. Times have changed, however, and entrepreneurs of today are now presented with a lot more options. It is only a matter of choosing the best option for them. © Shutterstock.com | vladwelIn this article, we will talk about 1) the challenges faced by startups, 2) financing a startup with loans, and 3) how to raise money through small business loans, and 4)  how to raise money through small business loans, and 5)  how to raise money through grants.THE CHALLENGES FACED BY STARTUPSHere is a sad reality: more startups fail than those that succeed. The failure of companies to get their business running and last for more than a couple of years â€" or even one year â€" can be traced to several challenges or problems encountered.Poor planning of the business model: The failure of the business model will lead to the failure of the startup. While preparing the business model, some entrepreneurs become overly optimistic and presume that acquiring customers is very easy.Market and competition: It is possible that the business ends up realizing that there is very little or no market for their product or service. There is also the fact that market condi tions have a certain degree of volatility, so it is entirely possible that the business may have timed its entry into the market wrongly. Competition is also another problem faced by startups, especially if they are up against companies or names that have already been established.Poor management: Having a poor management team in place will cause the company to suffer. Synergy is very important, from the top of the management chain down to the lowest rungs. There should be balance in every level. It would not do the business any good if the middle management is weak at executing plans despite the fact that the top management is always coming up with good concepts and strategies. This could also swing the other way, because even if the lower management is excellent at getting plans into motion, if the strategies and programs developed at the top are less than satisfactory, then they will still be unable to get the results they want.Product problems: The product itself may be the probl em. Perhaps it has a mediocre design. Maybe it does not meet the need of the market, or it falls short of expectations.Lack of funding or poor finances: If a business runs out of cash or it does not have enough cash, to start with â€" then it is bound to fail. Keep in mind that, in order to make money, you have to invest money first. Startups should expect to be incurring huge amounts of money to cover costs of starting the business and getting the business operations underway.SMALL BUSINESS LOANSStartup companies have difficulties securing loans from banks, primarily because small business owners â€" especially those who are just starting out â€" are seen as inexperienced and bad credit risks. Still, with proper presentation and research, they will still be able to convince lenders to provide them the funding they need.Types of Small Business LoansThere are several types of loans for small business that can be availed of by startups.A.     Short-term loans.  These are loans that ar e payable in a period of less than one year. Normally, these loans are needed by startups to cover their working capital for the first year of operations. They may also need to take out a short-term loan for purposes of having lines of credit.  Some of the most common types of short-term loans include accounts receivable loans and working capital loans.B.     Long-term loans.  Unlike short-term loans, these loans have longer maturities, not going shorter than one year. Usually, the maximum period is seven years, although some may run longer, depending on the terms agreed upon by the creditor and the borrower. These types of loans are normally availed of in order to be used for major business decisions such as business expansion, purchase of real property and other major equipment and machinery, and other startup costs.Sources of Small Business LoansSmall business loans can be secured from traditional (banks and credit unions) and non-traditional sources.Banks and credit unions: Bank s are the most common sources of funding by small businesses, as long as the latter are able to present a sound business proposal. Traditional bank loans are generally stricter when it comes to small businesses, however. Startups usually shy away from obtaining loans from banks, since the latter are more likely to go after the business owners’ personal assets and other collateral secured by the loan in case of default in payment. Banks also often take a long time to evaluate applications, so startups that are pressed for time to secure funding will hesitate in approaching them for a loan.Credit unions: Another commonly used source of a small business loan, credit unions can also be approached by startups looking for financing.Personal loans: You may also get a start up business loan from friends and family. Generally, you may simple take their money as a loan if you will not sell them a share of the business. The former is actually the preferred option since many small business ow ners would prefer to have full control of their businesses, instead of being answerable to members of their family. Other notable P2P lending companies are Upstart, Prosper, Peerform, CircleBack Lending, SoFi, Pave, Funding Circle, BorrowersFirst, and Daric.SBA (Small Business Administration): The United States Small Business Administration is known to provide loans to already operating businesses, particularly the stable and established ones. However, they also extend loans to startups, acting as an intermediary between the small businesses in need of financing and the non-bank lenders. One reason why the SBA is preferred by many is its low-interest rate. Aside from a small business loan, startups may also avail of the 504 fixed asset small business finance program from the SBA.There are several programs that are specifically designed for startups:7(a) Loan Program: The most popular loan program of the SBA allows business owners to borrow as much as $750,000 from their local 7(a) l ender. These loans are usually used for working capital, and purchases of assets and leasehold improvements.504 Loan Program: This loan is specifically for asset purchases, so the money received will be used for the purchase of land or machinery and equipment.Microloan Program: Loans under this program are of a smaller amount, generally up to $35,000 only. On average, a borrower can get $10,000. In order to avail of this program, startups must submit their application for a loan through a local intermediary organization, often community-based.Nonprofit Lenders: Startups may also approach nonprofit lenders to obtain a microloan. There are now several known nonprofit lenders that are specifically geared towards providing microloans for startup businesses, and one of the more recognizable names is Accion. The maximum loan that small businesses can get is $50,000. They have tighter procedures, however, since they require that the borrower have a credit score of at least 525, has a good cash flow, and has not declared bankruptcy within the past 12 months.Peer-to-Peer Sites: Another possible source of small business loans is online lending through a peer-to-peer (P2P) site. One good example is the Lending Club, which claims to be “America’s #1 credit marketplace”, and allows users to borrow up to $300,000 at rates starting at 5.9%. This site simplified the process by making customers interested in a loan to complete an application form online. They will then check the applicant’s risk and credit rating and, from there, assign the appropriate interest rates. In turn, investors will select from the applications what loan they would like to invest their money in.An advantage offered by these P2P sites is the ease of application (no more lengthy loan application processes and submission of documents such as business plans and loan proposals) and the flexible terms, which are arrived at through the risk and credit assessment. The fixed rates are also significantl y lower than that imposed by banks and credit unions.STARTUP FINANCING: SMALL BUSINESS LOANS AND GRANTSHow to Raise Money through Small Business LoansWhen you decide that taking a small business loan is the way to go to obtain the funding you require for your startup, there are several things that you must do.Step 1: You must have the 4 C’s of lending, since they play an important role when lenders evaluate your loan application.Cash flow, or your ability to make repayments as they fall due;Collateral, or the value of assets you are willing to pledge to secure your loan;Commitment, or the amount of your personal money that you will put into your business, because lenders are not agreeable that the entire amount of startup funds will come from the loan; andCharacter, or, more specifically, your personal credit score and financial history.Step 2: Prepare a solid and sound business plan, and present it properly.This is the first thing that lenders â€" not just banks â€" will look at. The business plan should contain all the relevant information, such as market research, financial projections, operational plan, and various other aspects related to the business. Follow the rules on how to prepare a business plan properly, and make sure the supporting documents are complete and correctly attached.When presenting the business plan, remember that you have to make a good impression to your prospective lenders. Make an effort to look presentable. Be familiar with the contents of your business plan, and you must know your business inside out so you can easily answer whatever questions they may have. And they will have many, be sure of that.Step 3: Write a good loan proposal.You must have a written proposal outlining your needs, and make sure that it is a good one. It is not enough to verbally approach a lending institution and tell them what you need. They generally prefer the request to be made formally and in black and white.The key elements of a good loan proposal i nclude the following:General information about the business, such as the business name, the principals, and basic details. This is also where you will state the amount of loan you are going to request and the purpose of the loan. Be very specific, because the lenders would like to see exactly what you will be spending the money on.Description of the business, with details on its history, operations, the organizational structure and number of employees, as well as the legal and ownership structure. You should also state the current business assets that you have.Profile of the management, where you will be providing background information on each of the principals in the management team. Make sure to highlight the qualifications and skills of each principal, highlighting what they can contribute to the startup.Market information, where you will be zeroing in on the products and services of the company, as well as the markets it will be catering. You will also have to discuss a bit abo ut the competition and your customers. Talk about how you plan to hold your own against your competitors, and how you will satisfy the needs of your customers.Financial information, which includes financial statements of the business. Since this is a startup, you would have to include projected financial statements instead. You may opt to just include the projected balance sheet and projected income statement, since the more detailed projected financial statements will be included in the Business Plan, which you will also be submitting to your prospective lender. Even the personal financial statements of the principals will also have to be included. Also include a list of collaterals that you can offer as security for the loan you are applying for.Step 4: Prove that you have great potential to make your repayments.In the case of nonprofit lenders, for example, they only extend loans to business owners that can prove that they have sufficient cash flow to make payments on the loan as they fall due. It would be a good idea to be able to show that you have another source of income separate from what you will be getting from the business you will start. One way to do this is to have a cosigner.Step 5: Establish a good relationship with credit reporting agencies while maintaining a strong credit rating.This will take more advanced thinking on your part, even before you planned on starting up a business. Loan officers tend to approach credit reporting agencies in order to get a copy of your business credit report, so make sure to maintain a good and strong personal credit rating.Step 6: When availing of small business loans, be mindful of the requirements of the entity you are applying to. The application process varies among lenders, so this is to be expected. Some agencies or lenders have special requirements that are not necessarily required by the others. Take note of these and submit what is required.Step 7: Always, always, make it a point to make a good impres sion on your lenders. This could be done by presenting good documentation as well as presenting yourself with confidence and professionalism whenever you interact with them.How to Raise Money for your Startup through GrantsWhen we say “grants”, the one source for startups that comes to mind is a government grant. The government has grant programs that are established in order to encourage startups. The good thing about getting a government grant is that you do not have to pay back the money that you receive. In some cases, there are even government agencies that operate venture funding groups, although this is considered, on the government’s part, as an investment more than a grant to the startup.Unfortunately, the downside to this is that there are not a lot of government grants available. The few that are available, on the other hand, have specific requirements that must be met, since they are mostly restricted to particular industries or recipients only.Step 1: Cultivate a good reputation, whether as a business operator, a service provider, or a collaborator with other businesses and entities. Grantors are most likely to look favorably towards businesses that have a good standing in the business community and the market it is in.Step 2: Similar to when you are applying for a business loan, pay attention to the requirements that you have to meet, particularly the documents you have to submit. The entity providing the grant is likely to have requirements unique to their organization, so be careful to take note of those specifics before submitting anything.Step 3: Many actually prefer grants because they are essentially receiving money free of charge. However, when obtaining funding through a grant, there are bound to be conditions that you will have to meet. Take note of these terms and conditions and assess whether they are acceptable to you and that your business will be able to meet them or comply with them.Step 4: Grants are admittedly difficult to find. Unlike banks and lending institutions, which are practically everywhere, granting companies and agencies are quite a few and far between. But if you know where to look, you will definitely find one you could apply for. And how should you look? Your first basis would be the theme of your business, or the nature of its operations. You may also use your demographics as a starting point when looking for potential grants.Step 5: Make your grant proposal as appealing as possible. Remember the effort you put into putting together a proposal when applying for a loan? Do the same when it is for a grant. Find out what the granting entity prefers: a brief yet meaty proposal or an even more extensive one. Make sure that the proposal contains the most salient details about your business.When looking for funding for your startup, expect to put in a lot of work. Money, after all, do not grow on trees, so you have to put a lot of effort in securing funding. Unless you have an exceptional prod uct or service and your business plan is fool-proof, you are bound to have a tough time convincing lenders and grantees to give you the money you need.

Animal Rights Essay example - 1007 Words

At the University of Oregon, Barbara Gorden-Lickey, Ph. D., sewed kittens eyes shut and forced them to jump from a height onto a platform surrounded by water so she could study the effects of sight deprivation on the brain. Cruel and inhumane experiments like this one is an excellent reason why people should recognize the importance of animal right activist groups such as PETA (People of the Ethical Treatment of Animals). Founded in 1980 by Ingrid E. Newkirk and Alex Pacheco, PETA is the largest group in the world with 600,000 plus members. PETAs effort to delete animal abuse in factory farms, laboratories, fur trade, and entertainment through education, investigations, research, animal rescues, legislation, social events, celebrity†¦show more content†¦The USDA found that Boys Town failed to comply with the Animal Welfare Act. PETA also discovered that only twenty-three out of fifty-four dogs slated for cancer experiments at the City of Hope, a federally funded laboratory, survived long enough for the actual experiment to begin. The rest died of infections, poisoning, anesthesia overdose, and other causes linked to gross negligence, inadequate veterinary care, and improper housing. Such abuse acts on animals are inhumane and absolutely unnecessary. With PETAs protection, animals can live freely without being subjected to researchers invasive and hostile terrorists like acts. Laboratory experiments are not the only place where unethical treatment of animals takes place. In the business of fur trading many animals are tormented and killed ruthlessly. In one of PETAs precedent-setting cases, a California furrier was charged with cruelty after a PETA investigator filmed him electrocuting chinchillas by clipping wires to the animals genitals. The American Veterinary Medical Association denounced the killing method saying, quot; it causes animals to experience a heart attack while fully conscious.quot; In another undercover expose, PETA videotaped a fur rancher injecting minks with weed killer causing them to have violent seizures and finallyShow MoreRelatedAnimal Rights And Human Rights923 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Rights â€Å"Nearly as many, 68 percent, were concerned or very concerned about the well-being of animals used in ‘sports’ or contests as well as animals in laboratories (67 percent) (Kretzer, 1).† Many people question whether an animal is capable of thought and emotions. Others feel as though animals are the equivalent of humans and should be treated as such. Since the 1800’s, animal rights has been a topic that has several different sides including two extremes. If animals can react to theirRead MoreThe Debate On Animal Rights910 Words   |  4 PagesThere are two major schools of thought on animal protection. First, is the tenet that animals should have rights and the second, more radical view, is that animals should be liberated. Many of the rights that are promoted for animals are similar to the rights of human democratic societies. The basic rights, which are recommended by a number of advocates, are that animals should be free from suffering, be in posses sion of their own life, and their basic interests should be given the same considerationRead MoreAnimal Rights Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal rights - moral or legal entitlements attributed to nonhuman animals, usually because of the complexity of their cognitive, emotional, and social lives or their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure. (Britannia encyclopedia online, n.d.). The definition of animal rights is so clear to us. Human rights need to be protected, so do animal rights. In 1976, in New York City, thousands of cat lovers were beaten when they heard a painful test to be taken for pets’ sexualRead MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of ani mals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreAnimal Rights Philosophy768 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of animal rights, Carl Cohen takes on the perspective of a reformist. This means that he accepts animal experimentation and meat eating, but believes that these institutions need to be improved upon. Cohen approaches the issue of animal rights using the ideas of obligations and rights, with not only the reformist perspective, but with the speciesist perspective. The conclusion he draws is that animals do not necessarily have rights just because humans have moral obligations to animals. CohenRead MoreThe Argument Of Animal Rights2068 Words   |  9 PagesSeems rhetorical, but the fact is animals live through this everyday, without even given the choice. As humans, we establish our authority among all living beings, but for what reasons? Are humans better than all other species? Or is it true that we should hold a precedence over nonhuman animals? The ultimate question then remains, should animals have as much or equal to the same rights as humans? Their are endless arguments for and against this question, and many sub arguments that go hand in handRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Rights Of Animals1843 Words   |  8 Pagesthe rights of animals and if they think and feel like humans do. Many people see animals as mindless creatures or as food, while others think they have emotions and can feel pain. In other countries animal protection laws are in place that are strictly enforced and seem to work well with the system. In the United States however; some of the anima l rights laws are considered to be useless and under-enforced (Animal Legal Historical Center). More people today are beginning to see that animals shouldRead MoreThe Issue Of Animal Rights Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesAnimals have the right to equal consideration in regards to their being used for human needs as most people use animals for their own needs on a daily basis even if only indirectly whether to entertain us, or to attain the product we are using, or on our dinner plate. The controversy of the treatment of animals range from some activists and philosophers that are outspoken against animals being used by humans in any way for our own personal needs, while others are candid in their belief that animalsRead More Animal Rights Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesAnimals and man have shared this planet since humans first appeared on earth. Animals have provided transportation, food, clothing, shelter, companionship and entertainment throughout the ages. Therefore, it is our duty to treat animals with respect, care and kindness and not cause them undue suffering, because they have, in many ways, made it possible for man to survive on earth. However, because normal adult humans have superior mental abilities in the hierarchical scale in nature, animals haveRead MoreArgumentary On Animals And Animal Rights1523 Words   |  7 Pagesclass was crazy! There was so much information regarding animal rights†¦ Sasha: I know. But I don’t know if any of that changed my views. I still think becoming a vegetarian is the way to go. Devon: You think? I still think that it is okay to eat meat. The animals just need to be raised in a humane manner. Sasha: Eh†¦I don’t know. Animals should just be left alone and be free to roam around in the wild. They should not be tortured like those animals that I saw while visiting that â€Å"kill floor†. Devon:

The Causes and Effects of Global Recession. - 3720 Words

INTRODUCTION Here a definition a recession as well a global recession is mentioned. Some causes and effects has been listed. Due to recession occurring, I have identified the effects of recession based on Tesco. The causes and effects of global recession. Global financial crisis, increasing for a while, began to show its results in the mid of 2007 into 2008. Worldwide stock markets have subsided, financial institutions have dropped and governments in even the richest nations have had to develop packages to assist their financial organizations. Recession is defined as a slowdown of activities in the economy over a time. The major effect of recession is Inflation as well as currency crisis. A decrease in income may be another†¦show more content†¦A decrease in world GDP occurred in many countries, specifically in developing countries. Imports have also declined significantly in importing countries. This was obvious in countries such as China, Taiwan, Mexico, Egypt and Russia. it was stated that GDP fell to 3.8% in the U.S. The impact of recession on employment may not be felt for some time. Investigation in Britain shows that low-skilled, low-educated workers and the immature are in a weak position to unemployment in a dow nturn. It took Britain five years for unemployment to go back to its initial levels. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered their target rates. They then raised the funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This added to an increase in number of years to the adjustable-rate mortgage rates and made it more expensive for homeowners. As a result, this may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble. Gross Domestic Product declined at an in the last two years in the United States. When GDP collapses, economic growth will also plunge. This is as a result of fewer goods being manufactured and therefore the rate of exports will reduce. It is said that when exports decrease, it will not have sufficient funds to accommodate any growth in the economy what so ever. As a result in the decline in GDP, employment rate will sooner or later begin to drop. As a result of the credit crunch, consumers have less purchasing power thereforeShow MoreRelatedEconomic Recession1290 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Recession of 2007 William Mwangi Class title and section Professor’s name Due date of Assignment: 26th August 2011. William Mwangi Economic crisis Class Professor’s name 24th August, 2011. Economic Recession of 2007: What caused it and what were the after effects? Can we predict another major recession? Thesis Statement: Although the recession that dates back in 2007 is still long and deep and surely has shown some recovery, the potential that it will completelyRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"the Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University1110 Words   |  5 PagesFundamental of Economics Analysis of â€Å"The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University June 2010 Marija Nikolic December 2012 Global financial crises has brought into focus debate about decisions made by the countries which are leading economic forces, making them to reconsider past living standards and habits. With the aim to examine the causes, effects, policies and prospects for the financial crisisRead MoreThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 4 GEOG200 Bradley Bache 3129292 Submitted September 10, 2015 In 1929, the western world’s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosperRead MoreThe Great Recession Of 2008 Was A Worldwide Economic Downturn1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Recession of 2008 was a worldwide economic downturn that impacted the global economy. Economists consider the economic decline as one of the most damaging recessions that occurred since the Great Depression of 1930’s. Several documentations and research regarding the recession have been made to make a better understanding of the economic downturn in 2008 as well as the global economy as a whole. The book used as reference in this essay, the Dia ry Of A Very Bad Year: Confessions of an AnonymousRead MoreUnderstanding the Economic Recession in America Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic recession of the late 2000s has been called the greatest economic downturn our country has faced since the Great Depression. American businesses and banks are failing, foreclosures are spreading like wildfire, and unemployment numbers have reached double digits. Under our current president, many are optimistic, but many others are fearful for the future. Economists have different speculations regarding the causes of the â€Å"Great Recession†. Some blame it on higher prices for necessitiesRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 PagesContents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignment is to identifyRead MoreThe Role of Banks in Economic Recessions1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economicRead MoreThe Great Recession in the year 20081063 Words   |  5 PagesRecession 16Specifically, Freund (2009) defines global downturns as years when world real GDP growth is (1) below 2 percent, (2) more than 1.5 percentage points below the previous five-year average, and (3) at its minimum relative to the previous two years and the following two years. 1975, 1982, 1991, 2001, and 2008 Freund (2009) describes the evolution of world trade following four previous global downturns. She finds that the size of the decline in world trade during these episodes is Read MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resultedRead MoreImpact of Financial Crisis on Gulf Area Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The global financial crisis that was experienced in 2007/2008 affected many nations of the world. Some countries such as America and most European countries were hard hit since they were directly affected by the crisis. Other countries especially those in Asia and Africa were not adversely affected as they were not directly hit by the crisis. This crisis started in the United States after the housing bubble busted. Although the bursting of the housing bubble was the main cause of the crisis

Detterence Free Essays

string(62) " more stringent than those described in the library resource\." Running Head: Deterrence 1 Deterrence Criminology Shawn Caulder Excelsior College Deterrence 2 Abstract: During the course of study in references for the topic of deterrence I have found a vast amount of information. Most are articles written by different intellectual scholars in the criminal justice field all weighing in on what they believe the theory of â€Å"Deterrence† is and how it relates to the ability to deflect and or inhibit crime during war time, peace time and stately situations. In particular I found one article to be an astounding work done by a man named Stephen Quackenbush with an article titled General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory (2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Detterence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although this article deals with deterrence theory of international conflict it still involves the basic roots of deterrence. I would like to show that through Mr. Quackenbush’s work one can come very close to a â€Å"Perfect Theory of Deterrence â€Å" by simply following the logic of the article. Deterrence 3 When searching for the topic it was my goal to find the meaning of deterrence and or the application behind the theory. I wanted something with close ties to the relationship of the text we are using in the classroom. The text we are using Vold’s Theoretical Criminology, 6th ed (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). I found in the article what I needed to relate different aspects of the text to the fundamentals behind what S. Quackebush (2006) had theorized about the levels behind deterrence. Not only does his research provide information on when and how to implement deterrence it can use simple math to determine the victor in every situation based on fundamentals of push and shove and force on force comparisons. In order to understand what deterrence was I wanted to find a source to provide a little more input than data from the 1800’s, as we have learned from Cesare Bonesana (1738-1794) statement concerning the implementation of keeping punishments proportional to the seriousness of the crime so that the cost always exceeds the reward (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, pg. 14). This is all well and good to understand how to set its boundary of punishment to the crime but I needed a better understanding of how it worked and what other factors besides crime helped to determine severity and what types of deterrence we see in our world today. By looking into Quackenbush’s (2006) theory I can gain a better understanding of the levels of deterrence and the players in the game. By understanding it better myself and can readily adapt it better in my of life and have a better understanding of why and how it is used not only on the global level but on every street corner in America. I order to locate the information I was searching for I followed the link provided in module one under the paper one resource provided by the course administrator. After following the link to the Excelsior Library’s resource search page I entered deterrence into the search box and began to look for articles that appealed to me over those that were easier for lack of a better term. Deterrence 4 I did find an article prior to the one by Mr. Quackenbush (2006) but after careful review I found the course required the article to be from 2000 and up. My article was from the 1930’s so that got quickly recycled and I found the article mentioned above. When I have used the library resource in the past I find it is always best to find your specific subject of study go to that portion of the library and search using specific terms within the requirements you have for the research to be done. In this case it was easy I had one word to describe my intent to the search box and in return it pulled up many documents. I knew that since mine needed to be a specific format â€Å"Article† I then eliminated all but the required information such as periodicals and journals. Of course a wide variety of useful and some not so useful articles, journals and periodicals popped up. I simply perused through them until I found a few that grabbed my attention. I would then open the journal and briefly read through it to see if it contained the content I wanted or was interested in. Once I found the writing that best fit the work I wanted to explore my time was done in the Excelsior Library. While looking through the many choices that were made available to me I quickly looked at content for information that one, intrigued me and two had some rational sense in which I could then understand and use. What is the point of using information that you have no Comprehension of? Once these guidelines were established I look at the list of references and crossed checked these and the original author through the internet to find any additional information that may have been useful to me. The trick to this as well is to find a resource that has the intent of the message being interpreted and received by the viewer. If I am to do a paper on deterrence what benefit would I gain from a paper on crime rates in Kalamazoo, MI? At this point relevance to the meaning of the research is a factor. Another key thing to look for in an article is what amount of evidence is backed up by fact and how much of it is based on opinion or hearsay? Deterrent 5 A good resource needs to be based on as much proven fact and be backed by additional works to allow for the best use of the material in which you are going to use for your paper. Anyone can find a story on their topic but is it a story or is there hard evidence to back it up? I believe my methods of evaluation are probably a bit more stringent than those described in the library resource. You read "Detterence" in category "Papers" I tend to be a stickler for what I want to use for any form of writing in order to try to get my point across as best as possible. The library resources are abundant with useful information though. Do not think I am discrediting then because that would be far from the truth. As a new student when I first started my Undergraduates Degree I used all the resources available to me especially the library. The article I chose to introduce to compliment Chapter two’s lesson on deterrence is an article called General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory, by Stephen L. Quackenbush (2006). When I first began to read the article it intrigue my because it deals not just with the cause and effect of deterrence but the quantative measure of it as if it is and has always been a scientific fact of life. It begins by stating deterrence is the use of a threat (explicit or not) by one party in attempt to convince another party not to upset the status quo (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). It breaks it down into two purposes which are direct and extended deterrence. One is immediate and used primarily as a means of prevention or attack on a defender, while the other is meant to deter a general population. Along with this are two types of situations that are created by deterrence. The first is immediate and is targeted toward a specific challenger and general which is all encompassing of a group (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). Deterrent 6 Inside these purposes are different categories to describe different events of deterrence to include direct immediate deterrence, direct general deterrence, extended immediate deterrence and extended general deterrence (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). These are considered different strategies based on your position. In this article the author chose to focus primarily on direct general deterrence to prove his theory of the â€Å"perfect deterrence†. At many times Dr. Quackenbush (2006) speaks in term of deterrence being that of a game. I will describe the way that I understand his game based n the article as it delves deep into mathematical equations that do make sense but are a long way to describe it how I will. As discussed before there are and have to always be two sides when we speak of deterrence. In the case of the article they are known as Challenger and Defender. In this game there are choices to be made and depending on the choice each side makes will determine whether you are the defender or the challenger. Think of it if you will like a national game of chess depending on how you chose to play your piece will either make you the aggressor or leave you making defensive moves to get out of harm’s way. Earlier it was discussed that deterrence is simply used to bring one party back to the status quo or the normal. Being the defender or challenger and based on the decisions you make will put you into one of two places. You will either be the defender, come back to the status quo or you will retaliate (becoming the challenger) and move into conflict and vice versa. Based on this Dr. Quackenbush (2006) has established that no matter where we are even in peace times there will always be a direct general deterrence. The shift from this happens when one side moves their piece one way or another. The understanding of deterrence in this article is based on a state to state or nation to nation offensive and defensive. We typically are discussing criminal activities of general population during this course but I do have a way to show just how much it looks like the national scale of deterrence within our precincts and our cities. Deterrence 7 One of the ways it can be shown that Dr. Quackenbush’s (2006) Theory of the perfect deterrence being present in our text is to compare just a few similarities in which he based his work on. One of the first few terms that come to mind is deterrence decay and residual deterrence. If compared to the though t of a continual deterrence as suggested by Dr. Quackenbush then you can consider these the effects of a deterrent being put into place. This would happen in three stages the initial deterrent, the deterrent decay and what would be left would be the residual deterrence. By showing that there are different levels and or stages of deterrence at any given ime then we can validate the Theory of Perfect Deterrence as proposed by Dr. Quackenbush (2006). By knowing the challenger to defender relationship it can compare to local law enforcement against drugs, crime, gangs and the list goes on. At times the law enforcement agencies are the challenger and the criminals are the defender. Those roles do reverse and local authori ties have come under attack many times before. By understanding that there is always some type of ongoing deterrence whether perceived or intentional the challenger and or the defender will plan accordingly. The threat of going to jail for a crime is a constant deterrent for most. At times though there are those that weigh the benefit to the loss and chose to defy the deterrent sometimes they get away with it and sometimes they don’t. It is knowing that there is a consequence for your action that keeps most on the straight and narrow. A perceived deterrent would be a shining star in proof of constant deterrence theory. Based on past experiences people will build a perceived notion of punishment for an offense. The deterrent had been initiated long ago yet the residual effect of it remains. Deterrence 8 References: Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, (2010) Vold’s Theoretical Criminology, 6th ed. Oxford University Press INC. New York, NY Quackenbush, S. L. (2006) General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory: Retrieved from: http://ehis. ebscohost. com. vlib. excelsior. edu/eds/detail? vid=4;hid=5;sid=aa2e740b-17f8-471a-843f-25982123af97%40sessionmgr111;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=a9h;AN=48490499 How to cite Detterence, Papers

Social Norms & Global Environmental-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to write a Paper to evaluate the factors that may affect and worsen the global Environment as the Population increases. In your paper you should mention the manners that can be useful to minimize these Impacts on the Environment. Answer: Introduction It is matter of worry that the growth in the population will eventually provides the holocaust in the environment. However, the issue is more complex and difficult than our thinkings. This is a matter of fact that the population of the world is growing by on an average 74 million annually. Growth of the population is not symmetrically distributed globally. Population is only comprised of one of many factors affecting the environment. By analyze the topic from near it is a matter of focus that the whole population from the past 50 years consumed more resources than the complete of the humanity before these 50 years (Pereira, et. al., 2010). The 20th century is observing the highest rise in the population of the world in the history of humans. In this assignment the analyst is required to write a paper to analyze and evaluate the factors that may influence and worsen the environment globally with the increasing population. Also in this paper the analyst mentioned the manners that can b e useful to minimize these influences on the environment. Background From the beginning of the century, there is a great pressure over the natural resources; this also results as threatening the health of the public and development. Shortage of the water, exhaustion of the soil, pollution of air and water, loss of forests, and depletion of coastline troubles many areas (Sheffield and Landrigan, 2011). As the population of the world grows, the biggest global challenge is to enhance the living of standards of the people without harming the environment. Consumption of resources is much faster in the developed countries they actually reproduce and regenerate the resources. Most of the countries which are at developing stage with the rapid growth of the population are facing the urgency of the requirement to enhance the living of the standards of the people. As the human beings are the most important factor in destroying the nature and the environment to meet their current requirements, we are destroying the resources required for the future (Foley, DeFries, Asner, Barford, Bonan, Carpenter Helkowski, 2005). Body of the report Overpopulation is an unwanted situation where the number of existing population of the humans exceeds the capability of carrying of Earth. There are many factors which are quiet responsible for the overpopulation. Some of the few causes which ultimate results in overpopulation are diminishing rate of mortality, better facilities of Medicare, depletion of precious and valuable resources (Homer-Dixon, 2010). From the past 60 years, the population growth has boomed and has results into the overpopulation. Developing technology with each coming year has influenced humanity in many ways in which one of the capability to save the lives and develop better treatment of medical for all. In this part of the report, the analyst defines the factors that may influence and worsen the global nature and the environment as the increase in the population. Causes of overpopulation Overpopulation is solely responsible for worsen the nature and global environment. Some of the factors causing overpopulation are as follows: Diminishing death rate: The main factor behind the term overpopulation is difference between the on an average birth rate and death rate in the population. It is a matter of fact that, if the number of the Childs born each year equals the number of adults that die, then it will stabilize the population growth. The agriculture is also one of main reason that provided the ancestors with the capability to stay fit and nutritional without the process of hunting. This is the reason for the 1st imbalance between the 2 rates. Better medical facilities: Advancement of the technology constitutes the reason for the permanent disturbance regarding the balance. Many diseases which assist in maintaining the balance of the two rates were defeated because of the discoveries in the field of medical science. Illness which is the main reason behind the death of the individuals now was cured because of the vaccine inventions (Kennedy, 2011). Mixing the rise in the supply of food with fewer means of death became the initiating point of overpopulation. Advancement of technology in the treatment of fertility: Couple who were unable to conceive pregnancy now has their own babies because of the advancement in the technology and more discoveries in the field of medical sciences. There are many types of effective medicines which can raise the odds of conception and results to increase in the birth rate. However, it is also a matter of the fact that in todays time pregnancies are by far safer than the past. Lack of family planning: Developing nations are having a large number of populations living under the line of poverty and are illiterates and have no knowledge about the planning of family. Their children married at an early age which again raises the odds of generating more kids. There is a lack of understanding and knowledge in these people; they are unable to understand the harmful influences of overpopulation (Buhaug, et. al., 2010). More hands to overcome the issue of Poverty: From a long period of time, there are a few people in the population who had enough amount of money to live their lives in comfort. The rest of the people faced poverty and would produce a large number of families to make up for the high infant mortality rate. These families require a more number of hands to overcome the poverty which again plays an important role in producing more number of kids and results in overpopulation. Immigration: There are some few people who prefer to move to the countries which are already developed like Australia, UK, USA and Canada for capturing the better facilities available there in form of education, employment, medical and security. The conclusion is that they people settle over there and overcrowd those places also (Cafaro and Crist, 2012). This movement results in scarcity and lack of resources. By this process overall population of the world remains the same but it only affects the population density which makes that place basically over crowded. Solutions to the Overpopulation In this particular part of the report, the analyst provides some solutions to overcome the issue of the overpopulation which are as follows: More awareness towards family planning: Raising awareness across the individuals in context of the family planning and letting them know about the harmful after effects of the overpopulation can actually assist in restricting the growth of the population. Utilization of contraceptive methods available and let them know about several safe techniques of sex can be the best way to avoid any unwanted pregnancies. Better knowledge of education regarding the sex: Imparting the education regarding the sex to the kids which are young at basic level should be necessary. Generally, the information provided to them about the sex is incomplete which results to their curiosity about the sex and also results in unawareness of the contraceptives across the sexually active teenagers (de Oliveira, 2016). Thus it is very important for the teacher and the parents to make their child aware of the educating regarding the sex. Better knowledge: Educating the childrens helps them understand the requirement to have 1 or 2 children at the most. Education plays an important role in understanding the latest technologies which can seriously helps in overcoming these types of issues. Benefits in the tax and concessions: Several countries government might have to arrive with the several policies regarding the exemption in the tax policies to overcome the issue of overpopulation. One of the topmost policies is to waive of particular part or segment of the income tax or lessening rates of income tax for the married couples who are having only 1 or 2 childrens. As the human being is more inclined toward the money consideration, this may generate some results which are quite positive (Kinzig, Ehrlich, Alston, Arrow, Barrett, Buchman Ostrom, 2013). Evaluation and Discussion Overpopulation is a leading and foremost driver of the desertification, hunger, depletion of the species and a variety of social maladies across the globe. At present, there are seven billion people on the planet and the number is growing by passing of every mini second. Among all the challenges of the environment facing by the world, overpopulation is one of the challenges that slip sometimes under the thoughts. Overpopulation also contributes to several other issues of the environment like change in climate, shortage of water and pollution (Zografos and Howarth, 2010). Overpopulation will place great demands of the land and the resources, leading to the widespread issues of the environment in addition to the standard of living and influencing the global economies. Findings, Suggestions and Conclusion Overpopulation is a catastrophe that strongly and heavily stands with the diversification in the environment as one of the topmost challenges facing the humanity in todays world. There are several ways by which this problem can put to an end which are educating the childrens at the elementary level, using the contraceptive methods to avoid the problem of unwanted pregnancy and issue of overpopulation at a time. If this issue doesnt diversify, the problem highlighted in this report may continue to develop unabated. And if that happens, this could lead the humanity to untold problems and issues in the future. References Buhaug, H., Gleditsch, N. P., Theisen, O. M. (2010). Implications of climate change for armed conflict.Social dimensions of climate change: Equity and vulnerability in a warming world, 75-101. Cafaro, P., Crist, E. (Eds.). (2012).Life on the brink: environmentalists confront overpopulation. University of Georgia Press. de Oliveira, J. V. G. (2016). Suffering, Challenge and Overcoming. A Christian Perspective on Disability.IJAHSS (International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences),1(3), 30-37. Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S. R., Helkowski, J. H. (2005). Global consequences of land use.science,309(5734), 570-574. Homer-Dixon, T. F. (2010).Environment, scarcity, and violence. Princeton University Press. Kennedy, P. (2011).Preparing for the twenty-first century. Vintage. Kinzig, A. P., Ehrlich, P. R., Alston, L. J., Arrow, K., Barrett, S., Buchman, T. G., Ostrom, E. (2013). Social norms and global environmental challenges: the complex interaction of behaviors, values, and policy.BioScience,63(3), 164-175. Pereira, H. M., Leadley, P. W., Proena, V., Alkemade, R., Scharlemann, J. P., Fernandez-Manjarrs, J. F., ... Chini, L. (2010). Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century.Science,330(6010), 1496-1501. Sheffield, P. E., Landrigan, P. J. (2011). Global climate change and childrens health: threats and strategies for prevention.Environmental health perspectives,119(3), 291. Zografos, C., Howarth, R. B. (2010). Deliberative ecological economics.